Arts research featured in The Conversation

聽is an independent, open access source of news and views from the academic and research community in Canada and around the world. This page offers a compilation of articles published in The Conversation by 蓝莓视频 Arts scholars.

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2025

April 7, 2025

Like the beaver it nearly wiped out, HBC made Canada into its home by fundamentally transforming its environment, and no bankruptcy court will liquidate that legacy.


March 9, 2025

As the U.S. pushes for greater access to Canada鈥檚 banking market, Canada must weigh the steep political costs of allowing a stronger American banking presence.


February 18, 2025

Want to win an election? Talk about values more than policy, tell a compelling story, paint a bright future and find ways to repeat, repeat, repeat.


January 29, 2025

Refugees at risk now face longer wait times to come to Canada, and for those already here, longer periods of separation from family members abroad who remain in danger.

January 13, 2025

Galen Watts, University of 蓝莓视频

Religion has been on the decline in Canada for years. Understanding how religion is viewed in society can help explain why.


January 6, 2025

Susan Cadell, University of 蓝莓视频 and Stephanie Levac, University of 蓝莓视频

Fan communities coping with a celebrity loss do several things that help their members feel supported and connected.

Articles from 2024

October 16, 2024

Donald Trump is using inflammatory language to allege it鈥檚 easy for Democrats to generate thousands of fraudulent overseas votes. One such voter living in Canada provides insights.

October 1, 2024

J. Andrew Deman, University of 蓝莓视频

A genre of manga raises important questions about the intersections of storytelling, culture and wellness.


September 29, 2024

Maksim Rudnev, University of 蓝莓视频 and Veli Mitova, University of Johannesburg

Real wisdom is about a balance between thoughtful reasoning, social understanding and emotional awareness.


July 30, 2024

Amir Al-Azraki, University of 蓝莓视频

Music, like other facets of culture, provides a window into the histories and heritage of different regions and peoples.


July 8, 2024

There is growing interest in sustainable death care options like human composting as an alternative to energy-intensive cremation and chemical-dependent and land-intensive burial.


July 2, 2024

The stereotypes around young people only caring about being online are rampant but they are worth questioning 鈥 or at least being put in context.

June 11, 2024

Role-playing games that take players into the lives of their characters can help us empathize with the very real suffering of others experiencing war and other disasters.


Canada was never designed to be a space for unequivocal diversity, equity or inclusion. Rather, DEI initiatives are based on policies that maintain an unequal status quo.


April 23, 2024

The term DEI has increasingly been co-opted to attack and undermine the positions, qualifications and abilities of racialized people.


April 10, 2024

Insights from the book White Fragility also shed light into racism in Arab society.


It鈥檚 been nine years since #OscarsSoWhite called out a lack of diversity at the Oscars. Has anything changed? Prof. Naila Keleta-Mae and actress Mariah Inger unpack the progress.

March 6, 2024


February 11, 2024

Kenzie Gordon, University of Alberta; Jennifer R. Whitson, University of 蓝莓视频; Johanna Weststar, Western University, and Sean Gouglas, University of Alberta

Recent waves of layoffs shine a light on the systemic issues in the game industry and the post-graduation promises universities are making to students.

Articles from 2023

December 14, 2023

Vershawn Young was a guest on The Conversation's podcast Don't Call Me Resilient to discuss the lead character of the new movie American Fiction and why Black stereotypes remain so persistent in pop culture.


December 10, 2023
Kim de Laat, University of 蓝莓视频; Alyssa K Gerhardt, Dalhousie University, and Andrea Doucet, Brock University

If more Canadian fathers are to harness the benefits of parental leave and remote work, we need to design employment and care policies in ways that recognize every family鈥檚 unique needs.


Endometriosis often means years of severe pain, lost productivity and dismissed symptoms before getting a diagnosis 鈥 followed by ineffective treatment. New funding aims to change this pattern.


Impact of Race and Culture Assessments can reduce the overrepresentation of Black people in the justice system.


November 20, 2023
Robert Danisch, University of 蓝莓视频

Instead of giving Trump鈥檚 fascist rhetoric a wider audience, news organizations must simply point out he鈥檚 attempting to dehumanize his fellow citizens, create a path to violence and destroy democracy.

November 1, 2023
Maissaa Almustafa, University of 蓝莓视频

Amid their enduring statelessness and the ongoing risk of ethnic cleansing, Palestinian refugees must be protected under the provisions of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.


October 25, 2023
Bruce Muirhead, University of 蓝莓视频 and Jodey Nurse, McGill University

If Canada wishes to preserve domestic farms and enhance food security, officials must have limits on what they can concede to American and other foreign interests.


October 18,2023
Ashley Rose Mehlenbacher, University of 蓝莓视频; Donna Strickland, University of 蓝莓视频, and Mary Wells, University of 蓝莓视频

Conversations about scientific research and technological innovations allow the public to build trust with experts, and understand the impacts on everyday lives.


August 2, 2023
Robert Danisch, University of 蓝莓视频

Donald Trump鈥檚 legal woes will nourish and strengthen his rhetorical style, and his followers will continue to be persuaded by how he makes them feel, not by reason, facts or critical thought.


July 3, 2023
Igor Grossmann, University of 蓝莓视频

Large language models are becoming increasingly capable of imitating human-like responses, creating opportunities to test social science theories on a larger scale and with much greater speed.


June 30, 2023
Shana MacDonald, University of 蓝莓视频 and Alysia Kolentsis, University of 蓝莓视频

The stabbings at the University of 蓝莓视频 remind us that violence for daring to stand in a classroom and speak is still ever-present.


June 14, 2023
Alana Cattapan, University of 蓝莓视频 and Gwen Rose, University of Saskatchewan

Improving the health of people who are trans and gender diverse means improving access to family doctors who are supportive, competent and confident in providing access to gender-affirming care.


June 4, 2023
Tandeep Sidhu, University of 蓝莓视频

Canada鈥檚 police services are becoming increasingly militarized. This undermines the fundamental aims of policing and fosters public distrust of police.


May 8, 2023
Zhangjing Luo, University of Toronto; Hildy Ross, University of 蓝莓视频; Michal Perlman, University of Toronto; Nina Howe, Concordia University

A unique dataset from 32 children on 36 different play dates provided the opportunity to study how young children develop peer relationships, and how consistent they are with different children.


May 4, 2023
Patrick G. Watson, Wilfrid Laurier University; Carmen Nave, Wilfrid Laurier University, and Tandeep Sidhu, University of 蓝莓视频

A criminal trial is a venue where not only individual police officers accused of crimes are put under public scrutiny, but so too are the training and tactics that officer received.


April 12, 2023
Rashmee Singh, University of 蓝莓视频

Andrea Magalhaes hasn鈥檛 demanded vengeance since her son was murdered 鈥 she鈥檚 called for expanding the social safety net to address the root causes of crime. Public officials should listen to her.


March 19, 2023
惭补谤肠别濒听翱'骋辞谤尘补苍, University of 蓝莓视频

Over the past decade, a number of companies, think tanks and institutions have developed responsible innovation initiatives to forecast and mitigate the negative consequences of tech development. But how successful have they been?


March聽19, 2023
Igor Grossmann, University of 蓝莓视频, Cendri Hutcherson, University of Toronto, Michael Varnum, Arizona State University

To find out how well social scientists can predict societal change, researchers ran the largest forecasting initiative in the field鈥檚 history. Here鈥檚 what they found.


January 31, 2023
Andrew Stumpf, University of 蓝莓视频

Since 2016, Canada鈥檚 practice of offering MAID has followed a trajectory of ever-expanding eligibility. The ultimate expansion would make MAID available to anyone who wanted it, for any reason.


January 10 2023
Robert Danisch, University of 蓝莓视频

To address declining humanities enrolments, these programs should ensure they offer more than critical theory for identifying and analyzing problems.

Articles from 2022

Engineers say the current 鈥榠ron ring鈥 ritual is steeped in colonial worldviews and excludes the public from understanding engineers鈥 ethical obligations.

November 22, 2022
Ian Milligan, University of 蓝莓视频

Over the past 16 years, Twitter has amassed an incredible amount of user-generated data which contains a detailed and extensive record of cultural moments. Musk鈥檚 takeover threatens these archives.

August 30, 2022
Nicole Racine, L鈥橴niversit茅 d鈥橭ttawa/University of Ottawa; Dillon Thomas Browne, University of 蓝莓视频, and Stephanie G. Craig, University of Guelph

There are important strategies families can use to help promote mental health as kids head back to school and daily routines change.

August 15, 2022
Suzan Ilcan, University of 蓝莓视频 and Secil Dagtas, University of 蓝莓视频

Many displaced Syrians responded to harsh border controls by passing through permeable borders, using alternative routes and relying upon the use of smugglers and social networks.

August 3, 2022
Robert Danisch, University of 蓝莓视频

It鈥檚 easy to consider the erosion of democratic norms in the U.S. as purely political, but it poses serious risks to the country鈥檚 economic order. Is democracy in the gallows?

Whether this apology has truly advanced the goal of healing may become evident only in years and decades to come.

June 14, 2022
Alana Cattapan, University of 蓝莓视频 and Holly Ann McKenzie, University of Saskatchewan

May 16, 2022
J. Andrew Deman, University of 蓝莓视频

Strong queer representation in young adult comics can have a significant positive impact on the well-being of queer-identified or questioning youth.

April 1, 2022
Jeremy M. Bergen, University of 蓝莓视频

As a theologian who studies church apologies for historical wrongs, I understand why the Pope was moved to speak this week, but I hope this was not his definitive apology.

March 6, 2022
Andrew Bauer, University of 蓝莓视频

Incentives, like shareholder credits for corporate taxes paid, mean that shareholders want their corporations to pay taxes.

If we learn how to disengage from communication circuits that lay the groundwork for fear and aggression, we have a better chance of managing conflict constructively.

February 15, 2022
Philip Boyle, University of 蓝莓视频

Racialized and marginalized populations whose protest movements are already subject to ongoing forms of monitoring, infiltration and pre-emptive police action are at risk from the convoy crisis.

February 13, 2022
Robert Danisch, University of 蓝莓视频

With the apparent slide towards authoritarianism in the U.S., Canada must be ready and able to defend and champion our democracy.

February 1, 2022
Susan Cadell, University of 蓝莓视频; Ashley Doyle, University of 蓝莓视频; Kathy Kortes-Miller, Lakehead University, and Sunita Lad, University of 蓝莓视频

Our health-care system needs to respond in a more just, inclusive, caring and timely way to allow in-person final goodbyes from those who matter most to those at the end of life.

January 19, 2022
Chris Miller, University of 蓝莓视频

Whether someone is scrolling mindlessly or actively conducting research, WitchTok connects witches to their practices and community.

Articles from 2021

鈥楥owboy Bebop鈥 drew international viewers with its genre-bending fusion of American mafia movies, Italian westerns, Japanese cyberpunk, Hong-Kong style martial arts and its eclectic soundtrack.

Mindfulness might not be an easy answer to the divisiveness that surrounds us, but an accurate understanding that includes the practice of acceptance may help encourage sincerity and understanding.

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the world released many prisoners, but this has now slowed or stopped. Here鈥檚 why those releases should continue.

Following the German election, all of the country鈥檚 major party leaders agreed that Germany needs to move forward. But if the electorate had had its way, it would have re-elected Angela Merkel.

A successful transition in September is a whole-family affair.

Ohe negative impact of the pandemic on grief has raised concerns. Our study shows that 15 per cent of people dealing with grief are at risk of what鈥檚 known as complicated grief.

We ought to worry that the pandemic has made it even easier to reduce teaching to disseminating knowledge.

Black Arabs face racism and discrimination throughout the Arab world. Exposing this anti-Blackness is challenging but critical work.

Known variously in Juno history as 鈥楤est Single,鈥 or 鈥楤est-Selling Single,鈥 and now 鈥楽ingle of the Year鈥 this award always garners attention. Reflections on select singles since 1979.

129 officers and crew died during the 1845 Franklin Northwest Passage expedition. DNA analysis from their remains of members can reveal the identity of the men who perished during the journey.

COVID-19 messaging frames staying home as a personal responsibility, but for many it鈥檚 a luxury they can鈥檛 afford. Like the language used for drug addiction, it stigmatizes low-income people.

The new Alphabet Workers Union is making clear that changes must be put in place, both in education and on the job, to allow engineers to start taking responsibility for the social impact of their work.

February 16, 2021
Susan Cadell, University of 蓝莓视频 (Renison University College)

The Canadian government needs to develop a national grief strategy to address the needs of its citizens during and after the pandemic.

January 19, 2021
Nancy R. Buchan, University of South Carolina; Wendi L. Adair, University of 蓝莓视频, and Xiao-Ping Chen, University of Washington

Two strategies can make videoconferencing as effective as meeting face to face, or even better.

January 11, 2021
Robert Danisch, University of 蓝莓视频 and William Keith, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

As the raid on the U.S. Capitol has shown, some kinds of rhetoric can set fire to the world 鈥 and it exists in Canada, too. Here's how to tamp it down and focus on positive forms of rhetoric.

January 7, 2021
Igor Grossmann, University of 蓝莓视频

Despite the promising development of several COVID-19 vaccines, the pandemic will not be over soon. How then should we deal with聽聽pandemic endurance聽that will likely last for many more months?

Articles from 2020

December 15, 2020
J. Andrew Deman, University of 蓝莓视频

Rereading Harry Potter during the COVID-19 pandemic means finding new ways of identifying with the characters, especially in the seventh book, where Harry finds himself struggling with isolation.

November 22, 2020
Brian Doucet, University of 蓝莓视频 and Robin Mazumder, University of 蓝莓视频

October 5, 2020
Robert Danisch, University of 蓝莓视频

Because dramatic tension fuels attention, Trump's words work to generate tension, anxiety and conflict. We need to react with civility, care and calm to undo the cycle of attention and persuasion.

September 30, 2020
Chris Bauch, University of 蓝莓视频; Brendon Phillips, University of 蓝莓视频; Dillon Thomas Browne, University of 蓝莓视频, and Madhur Anand, University of Guelph

Schools reopening during the current coronavirus pandemic need to calculate class sizes to prevent the spread of disease and minimize disruptions.

September 21, 2020
Vershawn Ashanti Young, University of 蓝莓视频

Unlike the Hollywood hero he portrayed, Boseman created space for a kaleidoscope of Black masculinities and challenged the narrative that urban Black men are in need of saving.

September 20, 2020
Vershawn Ashanti Young, University of 蓝莓视频

History professor Jessica Krug had built her life as a Black woman, but she was a white Jewish woman from Kansas. Her revelation raises questions about why some white people assume Black identities.

September 1, 2020
Robert Danisch, University of 蓝莓视频 and William Keith, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Politicians and law enforcement engage in uncivil behaviour that undermines democratic society. Civility is a pre-requisite for empathy, and is essential for difficult conversations.

September 1, 2020
Ian Milligan, University of 蓝莓视频

Policymakers should mandate Canada's national library to archive the entire Canadian web domain so future researchers can make sense of 2020 and ongoing responses to the pandemic.

August 28, 2020
Jennifer Saul, University of 蓝莓视频

To fill a convention with blatant racism, as the Republicans did in 2016, is bad enough. But, after four years of racist policies, a convention filled with subtle racism is perhaps more dangerous.

August 20, 2020
Krystle Shore, University of 蓝莓视频 and Kathryn Henne, Australian National University

Amidst calls to defund the police, political leaders are increasing police budgets, arguing 鈥 incorrectly 鈥 that increasing police surveillance capacities will help provide accountability.

June 30, 2020
Kyla Tienhaara, Queen's University, Ontario; Amy Janzwood, University of Toronto, and Angela Carter, University of 蓝莓视频

The oil and gas industry was in trouble before the pandemic hit, but now it faces potential collapse. A majority of Canadians want the federal government to invest in a 'green recovery.

June 28, 2020
Vershawn Ashanti Young, University of 蓝莓视频

The University of 蓝莓视频 sent out a statement that banned the use of the N-word on its campus, including classes. They did not consult Black faculty before doing so.

June 15, 2020
Katherine Bruce-Lockhart, University of 蓝莓视频

The COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to think critically about the place of prisons in society and how and why prisoners have been released in the past. COVID-19 could spark systemic change.

May 21, 2020
Eva A. (Evalyna) Bogdan, University of 蓝莓视频; Daniel Henstra, University of 蓝莓视频, and Jason Thistlethwaite, University of 蓝莓视频

Blaming flooding on an act of God wrongly absolves government and developers of their liability for poor decisions that unfairly burden taxpayers.

April 20, 2020
Jennifer Mathers, Aberystwyth University and Veronica Kitchen, University of 蓝莓视频

How politicians can benefit from a narrative of heroism.

April 7, 2020
Sarah Wilkins-Laflamme, University of 蓝莓视频 and Joel Thiessen, Ambrose University

Will a pandemic cause more people to return to Christianity or will the closure of churches become permanent?

April 8, 2020
Andrew Bauer, University of 蓝莓视频

The Canadian federal government鈥檚 COVID-19 Economic Response Plan includes tax-related measures. It's helpful to examine tax supports for individuals by considering the past, present and future.

March 5, 2020
Jennifer Saul, University of 蓝莓视频

TERF is not a slur. Instead, we should use words that accurately describe how some feminists are actually anti-trans activists.

March 4, 2020
Alana Cattapan, University of 蓝莓视频

Since an infant was found in a recycling bin last fall in Saskatoon, advocates have renewed their campaign for baby hatches, places mothers can leave newborns safely and anonymously.

January 22, 2020
Shana MacDonald, University of 蓝莓视频

If we're ever to move past outmoded values of gender, race and class, we need to wish Prince Harry and Meghan Markle well 鈥 and challenge those who would prefer everything remains the same.

Articles from 2019

December 17, 2019
J. Andrew Deman, University of 蓝莓视频

Marvel Comics is frequently referred to as 鈥渢he house of ideas,鈥 yet the idea of a queer superhero did not fully arrive at Marvel until the 1990s.

November 21, 2019
Ian Milligan, University of 蓝莓视频

Put down the science brochures. If your high schooler really wants to be a history major, smile, knowing that they鈥檙e taking the first step to a deeper understanding of the world around them.

November 14, 2019
Joanne Wood, University of 蓝莓视频 and Kassandra Cortes, Wilfrid Laurier University

La recherche montre qu'interroger un partenaire peu s没r de lui au sujet de sa journ茅e peut accro卯tre la satisfaction de sa relation.

November 5, 2019
James M. Skidmore, University of 蓝莓视频

Universities and colleges could eliminate textbook fees if they supported the creation of open educational resources.

October 31, 2019
Joanne Wood, University of 蓝莓视频 and Kassandra Cortes, Wilfrid Laurier University

Research shows that asking an insecure partner about their day can increase their relationship satisfaction.

September 22, 2019
Ashley Rose Mehlenbacher, University of 蓝莓视频

Science communication online is important to the intellectual work of scientists.

September 8, 2019
Katherine White, University of 蓝莓视频

Adults aren't the only language teachers: six-year-olds still produce sounds differently than adults, but toddlers are extremely good at understanding the speech of children six years and older.

August 19, 2019
Ian Milligan, University of 蓝莓视频

As our societies lose paper trails and increasingly rely on digital information, historians, and their grasps of context, will become more important than ever.

August 11, 2019
Shannon Dea, University of 蓝莓视频 and Ted McCormick, Concordia University

A recent article in The Atlantic called for a "new science of progress" - this is dangerous and ignores the academic study of the history of human development.

July 23, 2019
Shannon Dea, University of 蓝莓视频

A progressive city's new ordinance on gender-neutral language provokes a worldwide media storm.

July 17, 2019
Jackson A. Smith, University of 蓝莓视频 and Dillon Thomas Browne, University of 蓝莓视频

It is possible for teenagers to be addicted to screen-time activities such as video gaming. It is also possible for parents to do something about it.

March 13, 2019
Anindya Sen, University of 蓝莓视频

Canada's data deficit represents an absence of information; however, just as crucial is the deficit in the skills required to analyze collected data.

February 20, 2019
J. Andrew Deman, University of 蓝莓视频

Our current golden age of TV storytelling is influenced by comic books, in particular, one writer: Chris Claremont pushed boundaries and gave audiences strong female leads and deeply involved dramas.

February 4, 2019
Dillon Thomas Browne, University of 蓝莓视频

After the #me-too inspired Gillette ad, a male therapist says this year's Super Bowl ads were disappointingly mild. But let's not let that stop us from challenging each other.

January 28, 2019
Dillon Thomas Browne, University of 蓝莓视频; Nicole Racine, University of Calgary, and Sheri Madigan, University of Calgary

A new study in JAMA Pediatrics suggests higher levels of screen time at two and three years of age predict poorer child outcomes at three and five years, respectively.

January 13, 2019
Andrew Thompson, University of 蓝莓视频

If left unchecked, invasions of privacy enabled by technology could put every human right at risk, and on a scale that would be truly terrifying.

January 9, 2019
Edwin Ng, University of 蓝莓视频 and Carles Muntaner, University of Toronto

New research shows that female politicians spend more on health and education, improving the well-being of a population.

January 2, 2019
Amir Al-Azraki, University of 蓝莓视频

Not just for would-be actors: Theatre of the Oppressed is a unique genre of drama education through which students learn how to analyze social problems and change typical outcomes.

January 1, 2019
Sheri Madigan, University of Calgary; Dillon Thomas Browne, University of 蓝莓视频, and Rachel Eirich, University of Calgary

It's not too late for a New Year's resolution. If you're a parent - resolving to stop 'technofering' could be one of the most important things you do this year.

Articles from 2018

December 4, 2018
Dillon Thomas Browne, University of 蓝莓视频

The psychological health of migrant children will be deeply impacted by their flight from gang violence, and the experience of crowded unhygienic conditions and tear gas at the U.S. border.

November 20, 2018
Tamara A. Small, University of Guelph and Anna Lennox Esselment, University of 蓝莓视频

The creation of a new debate commission in Canada should ensure televised showdowns between party leaders amid federal election campaigns are transparent and a boon to democracy.

November 1, 2018
James M. Skidmore, University of 蓝莓视频

Germany's long-time Angela Merkel era is coming to an end. But is it the end of one person鈥檚 dominance of the political scene, or does it forebode more fundamental changes to German society?

October 11, 2018
Dillon Thomas Browne, University of 蓝莓视频

If the Ford-Kavanaugh saga had any positive impact, it at least clearly highlighted several lessons from traumatology and the complex consequences of traumatic events across society.

September 12, 2018
J. Andrew Deman, University of 蓝莓视频

In the trailer for the new DC TV series, Robin answers 'F@#k Batman!' when the bad guys ask about the Caped Crusader. This is a hopeful move to necessary character changes in superhero storytelling.

September 4, 2018
Andrew Thompson, University of 蓝莓视频

If the liberal international order is to survive, countries like Canada will need to defend international human rights law.

August 16, 2018
Vershawn Ashanti Young, University of 蓝莓视频

BlacKkKlansman is more than a good story: it expertly weaves together comedy with serious drama to bring the story of past racism to illuminate our present day issues.

February 22, 2018
J. Andrew Deman, University of 蓝莓视频

We may think of Harry Potter as escapist delight, but J.K. Rowling鈥檚 books also contain an extended theme that has more in common with King Lear than most English professors might care to admit.

Articles from 2017

December 13, 2017
J. Andrew Deman, University of 蓝莓视频

Science fiction is a genre meant to imagine the future, but in the case of Star Wars, it also looks to the past鈥攔evisiting old imperialist battles.

November 23, 2017
J. Andrew Deman, University of 蓝莓视频

The reviews are coming in pretty harsh for Justice League. If Superman is awesome and Batman is awesome and Wonder Woman is awesome, shouldn鈥檛 the three of them together be thrice as awesome?

September 20, 2017
James M. Skidmore, University of 蓝莓视频

German elections are typically tame. Jockeying for power takes place later, in negotiations for a coalition government. Could the xenophobic Alternative for Germany form the opposition?

August 31, 2017
James M. Skidmore, University of 蓝莓视频

The swastika, an ancient and innocent symbol in many cultures for hundreds of years, now represents racial hatred. Should the swastika be banned in North America as it is in Germany?

Articles from 2014 to 2016

May 26, 2016
Bruce Muirhead, University of 蓝莓视频

Government intervention in the crisis facing Australian dairy has opened the gates for suggestions of other types of regulation.

November 4, 2014
Kevin Harrigan, University of 蓝莓视频 and Dan Brown, University of 蓝莓视频

A 2011 Massachusetts law allows for the expansion of gambling, including slot machines. That law is now on the November 2014 election ballot for potential repeal. This is a real opportunity for voters鈥

August 27, 2014
Derek Koehler, University of 蓝莓视频

Take a moment to think of a task you wish to accomplish in the next three months. It should be something specific like clearing out your backyard, or completing an online course, so that you could judge鈥