There are different ways to cite and format academic writing, depending on your academic discipline. The rules for how to cite sources and format academic writing are contained instyle guides.
Common styles include APA, Chicago, IEEE, and MLA, although there are many other styles designed to support the unique citation and formatting needs of different disciplines. Updated versions of style guides are published somewhat regularly, so check what style guide and what version you are expected to use. Instructors may provide this information in the course outline or assignment instructions. If you're not sure, ask your instructor or TA directly.
WCC Resources for Integrating Evidence
At the Writing and Communication Centre (WCC), we can help with paraphrasing evidence from external sources and how to structure sentences to integrate citations appropriately.
- Reporting Verbs
- Paraphrase
- Citing a Source More Than Once
- Integrating Evidence Effectively: Author-Prominent and Information-Prominent
For a deep dive into quotation, paraphrase, and summary, take a virtual, self-directed WCC workshop. “Say It In Your Own Words” is available in two versions for undergraduate and graduate students.
UW Library Resources
Learn about different styles from the library’s or find workshops and tip sheets by searching for the style in the library’s
Official Style Guides
Most style guides provide free information about basic citation and formatting on their websites.
APA
The provides basic as well as a robust that answers specific citation and formatting questions.
Chicago
The provides basic reference and formatting guides for both and versions. They also have a
IEEE
The provides , including how to format mathematical equations.
MLA
The provides , as well as various to help you test your MLA knowledge.