@article {27301,
	title = {Treatment of municipal wastewater in AnMBRs with powdered activated carbon addition under psychrophilic temperatures},
	journal = {Water Environment Research },
	volume = {93},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {<section id="wer1335-sec-0001">
	<p>
		The performance of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) at psychrophilic temperatures commonly observed in temperate climates (10{\textendash}24{\textdegree}C) was assessed. A unique aspect of the research was operation at controlled SRT with regular membrane cleaning. COD removal and permeate VFA concentrations were similar at 15 and 24{\textdegree}C and deteriorated at 10{\textdegree}C. As temperature decreased, the COD mass flow to methane decreased and COD mass flows in the permeate and waste sludge increased. At 24{\textdegree}C, rapid membrane TMP increases were not observed while at 15 and 10{\textdegree}C rapid increases occurred at 11.7\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;0.46 and 7.6\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;0.45\&nbsp;days, respectively, indicating a greater fouling propensity of the mixed liquor at lower temperatures. When the temperature was reduced from 15{\textdegree}C to 10{\textdegree}C in a transient test, CH<sub>4</sub>\&nbsp;production was reduced and VFA concentrations increased. A 2{\textendash}3 SRT lag in the responses suggested that the delayed response was due to long-term changes in microbial population. The permeate VFA content in a PAC-dosed reactor was lower than that without PAC dosing, and PAC addition increased the time to rapid TMP development to 11.3\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;0.46\&nbsp;days from 7.4\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;0.49\&nbsp;days. The primary benefit of PAC addition at low temperatures is enhanced membrane performance.
	</p>
</section>

<section id="wer1335-sec-0002">
	<h3 id="wer1335-sec-0002-title">
		Practitioner points
	</h3>

	<ul>
		<li>
			AnMBRs can produce high-quality effluents at temperatures of 15{\textdegree}C
		</li>
		<li>
			Membrane fouling increases as temperature decreases
		</li>
		<li>
			Bioreactor performance was sustained for 2{\textendash}3 SRTs after temperature decrease
		</li>
		<li>
			PAC addition reduced the permeate VFA concentrations
		</li>
		<li>
			Membrane fouling at 10{\textdegree}C was reduced through PAC addition
		</li>
	</ul>
</section>
},
	author = {Wayne Parker and Linda Li}
}