@article {liang2021review, title = {A review of effective-strain based and multi R-ratio crack propagation models and a comparison of simulated results using the two approaches}, journal = {International Journal of Fatigue}, volume = {142}, year = {2021}, pages = {105920}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Liang, W and Conle, FA and Topper, TH and Walbridge, S} }