This study expands the environmental sustainability paradigm of reverse supply chains. The study examines the notion of closed-loop supply chains and suggests the use of the term in academia and business is too limited from a sustainability perspective. Three case examples in\ \ \ were chosen to represent a global, multi-tier industry with documented\ \ strategies. A simple\ \ is developed that bridges different concepts of {\textquotedblleft}loops{\textquotedblright} at whole\ \ and material levels, and which is then used to show that closed-loop supply chains that focus on OEM activities appear to overlook\ \ of reverse supply chain loops. The study considers how these alternative loops contribute to environmental sustainability by looking at market dynamics and relations between business actors in supply chains in automotive remanufacturing. Alternative loops may contribute to product displacement activities in the market and thus provide positive environmental and resource results. The narrow focus on {\textquotedblleft}closed loops{\textquotedblright} in supply-chain research and industry simplifies potential benefits and weaknesses, and overlooks the contribution of {\textquotedblleft}open loops{\textquotedblright} in supply chains, which enable business innovation and can improve sustainability outcomes in product and material supply chains. This article fills a void in\ \ research and argues for a more\ \ approach to reverse supply chains for end-of-life products.
}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.006}, author = {M Kalverkamp and SB Young} } @article {16716, title = {Jumping the chain: How downstream manufacturers engage with deep suppliers of conflict minerals}, journal = {Resources}, year = {2019}, url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/8/1/26}, author = {Steven B. Young and Shannon Fernandes and Michael O. Wood} } @article {18084, title = {Life cycle assessment of emerging Ni\–Co hydroxide charge storage electrodes: impact of graphene oxide and synthesis route}, journal = {RSC Advances}, volume = {9}, year = {2019}, pages = {18853-18862}, abstract = {Decoupling energy supply from fossil fuels through electrification and sustainable energy management requires efficient and environmentally low-impact energy storage technologies. Potential candidates are charge storage electrodes that combine nickel and cobalt hydroxides with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) designed to achieve high-energy, high-power density and long cycling lifetimes. An early eco-efficiency analysis of these electrodes seeks to examine the impacts of materials and processes used in the synthesis, specifically while focusing on the use of rGO. The emerging electrodes synthesized by means of electrodeposition, are further compared with electrodes obtained by an alternative synthesis route involving co-precipitation. Life cycle assessment (LCA) method was applied to compare a baseline nickel{\textendash}cobalt hydroxide electrode (NCED), the focal electrode integrating rGO (NCED-rGO), and the benchmark co-precipitated electrode (NCCP), for delivering the charge of 1000 mA h. Contribution analysis reveals that the main environmental hotspots in the synthesis of the NCED-rGO are the use of electricity for potentiostat, ethanol for cleaning, and rGO. Results of comparison show significantly better performance of NCED-rGO in comparison to NCED across all impact categories, suggesting that improved functionalities by addition of rGO outweigh added impacts of the use of material itself. NCED-rGO is more impactful than NCCP except for the indicators of cumulative energy demand, climate change, and fossil depletion. To produce a functional equivalent for the three electrodes, total cumulative energy use was estimated to be 78 W h for NCED, 25 W h for NCED-rGO, and 35 W h for NCCP. Sensitivity analysis explores the significance of rGO efficiency uptake on the relative comparison with NCCP, and potential impact of rGO on the category of freshwater ecotoxicity given absence of removal from the process effluent. Scenario analysis further shows relative performance of the electrodes at the range of alternative functional parameters of current density and lifetime. Lastly, the environmental performance of NCED-rGO electrodes is discussed in regard to technology readiness level and opportunities for design improvements.}, author = {E Glogic and A Ad{\'a}n-M{\'a}s and G Sonnemann and M de Fatima Montemor and L Guerlou-Demourgues and SB Young} } @article {18088, title = {Life cycle assessment of organic photovoltaic charger use in Europe: The role of product use intensity and irradiation}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, year = {2019}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619321158}, author = {E Glogic and S Weyand and M P Tang and S B Young and L Schebek and G Sonnemann} } @article {18087, title = {Potential for industrial ecology to support healthcare sustainability: scoping review of a fragmented literature and conceptual framework for future research}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Healthcare is a critical service sector with a sizable environmental footprint from both direct activities and the indirect emissions of related products and infrastructure. As in all other sectors, the {\textquotedblleft}inside-out{\textquotedblright} environmental impacts of healthcare (e.g., from greenhouse gas emissions, smog-forming emissions, and acidifying emissions) are harmful to public health. The environmental footprint of healthcare is subject to upward pressure from several factors, including the expansion of healthcare services in developing economies, global population growth, and aging demographics. These factors are compounded by the deployment of increasingly sophisticated medical procedures, equipment, and technologies that are energy- and resource-intensive. From an {\textquotedblleft}outside-in{\textquotedblright} perspective, on the other hand, healthcare systems are increasingly susceptible to the effects of climate change, limited resource access, and other external influences. We conducted a comprehensive scoping review of the existing literature on environmental issues and other sustainability aspects in healthcare, based on a representative sample from over 1,700 articles published between 1987 and 2017. To guide our review of this fragmented literature, and to build a conceptual foundation for future research, we developed an industrial ecology framework for healthcare sustainability. Our framework conceptualizes the healthcare sector as comprising {\textquotedblleft}foreground systems{\textquotedblright} of healthcare service delivery that are dependent on {\textquotedblleft}background product systems.{\textquotedblright} By mapping the existing literature onto our framework, we highlight largely untapped opportunities for the industrial ecology community to use {\textquotedblleft}top-down{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}bottom-up{\textquotedblright} approaches to build an evidence base for healthcare sustainability.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12921}, author = {A Cimprich and J Santill{\'a}n-Saldivar and C Thiel and G Sonnemann and S B Young} } @article {16745, title = {Raw material criticality assessment as a complement to environmental life cycle assessment: Examining methods for product-level supply risk assessment}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The diversity of raw materials used in modern products, compounded by the risk of supply disruptions{\textemdash}due to uneven geological distribution of resources, along with socioeconomic factors like production concentration and political (in)stability of raw material producing countries{\textemdash}has drawn attention to the subject of raw material {\textquotedblleft}criticality.{\textquotedblright} In this article, we review the state of the art regarding the integration of criticality assessment, herein termed {\textquotedblleft}product-level supply risk assessment,{\textquotedblright} as a complement to environmental life cycle assessment. We describe and compare three methods explicitly developed for this purpose{\textemdash}Geopolitical Supply Risk (GeoPolRisk), Economic Scarcity Potential (ESP), and the Integrated Method to Assess Resource Efficiency (ESSENZ){\textemdash}based on a set of criteria including considerations of data sources, uncertainties, and other contentious methodological aspects. We test the methods on a case study of a European-manufactured electric vehicle, and conclude with guidance for appropriate application and interpretation, along with opportunities for further methodological development. Although the GeoPolRisk, ESP, and ESSENZ methods have several limitations, they can be useful for preliminary assessments of the potential impacts of raw material supply risks on a product system (i.e., {\textquotedblleft}outside-in{\textquotedblright} impacts) alongside the impacts of a product system on the environment (i.e., {\textquotedblleft}inside-out{\textquotedblright} impacts). Care is needed to not overlook critical raw materials used in small amounts but nonetheless important to product functionality. Further methodological development could address regional and firm-level supply risks, multiple supply-chain stages, and material recycling, while improving coverage of supply risk characterization factors.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12865}, author = {Alexander Cimprich and Vanessa Bach and C Helbig and A Thorenz and D Schrijvers and G Sonnemann and Steven B. Young and T Sondregger and M Berger} } @inbook {16749, title = {Africa\’s Mineral Fortune: The Science and Politics of Sustainability in the Extractive Industries}, booktitle = {Sourcing Conflict Free Minerals from Central Africa}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Routledge}, organization = {Routledge}, url = {https://www.routledge.com/Africas-Mineral-Fortune-The-Science-and-Politics-of-Mining-and-Sustainable/Ali-Sturman-Collins/p/book/9781138606920}, author = {Steven B Young} } @article {35695, title = {Extending the geopolitical supply risk method: material {\textquotedblleft}substitutability{\textquotedblright} indicators applied to electric vehicles and dental X-ray equipment}, journal = {Extending the geopolitical supply risk method: material {\textquotedblleft}substitutability{\textquotedblright} indicators applied to electric vehicles and dental X-ray equipment}, year = {2018}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-017-1418-4} } @article {16750, title = {Resilience in the tantalum supply chain}, journal = {Resources, Conservation and Recycling}, year = {2018}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.10.018}, author = {N A Mancheri and B Sprecher and S Deetman and S B Young and R Bleischwitz and L Dong and R Kleijn and A Tukker} } @article {35696, title = {Sustainability of Cascading Product Lifecycles}, journal = {Sustainability of Cascading Product Lifecycles}, year = {2018}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01614-2_15}, author = {Matthias Kalverkamp and Alexandra Pehlken and Thorsten Wuest and Steven B. Young} } @inbook {18086, title = {Sustainability of Cascading Product Lifecycles: The Need for Adaptive Management to End-of-Life Supply Chains}, booktitle = {Product Lifecycle Management to Support Industry 4.0 }, volume = {540}, year = {2018}, pages = {159-168}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01614-2_15}, author = {M Kalverkamp and A Pehlken and T Wuest and S B Young} } @article {ahmadi2017cascaded, title = {A cascaded life cycle: reuse of electric vehicle lithium-ion battery packs in energy storage systems}, journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, pages = {111{\textendash}124}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Ahmadi, Leila and Young, Steven B and Fowler, Michael and Fraser, Roydon A and Achachlouei, Mohammad Ahmadi} } @conference {catton2017comparative, title = {Comparative Safety Risk and the Use of Repurposed EV Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage}, booktitle = {Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE), 2017 IEEE International Conference on}, year = {2017}, publisher = {IEEE Xplore}, organization = {IEEE Xplore}, author = {Catton, John and Walker, Sean B and McInnis, Paul and Fowler, Michael and Fraser, Roydon and Young, Steven B and Gaffney, Ben} } @article {cimprich2017extending, title = {Extending the geopolitical supply risk method: material �substitutability� indicators applied to electric vehicles and dental X-ray equipment}, journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, year = {2017}, pages = {1{\textendash}19}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Cimprich, Alexander and Karim, Karim S and Young, Steven B} } @article {cimprich2017extension, title = {Extension of geopolitical supply risk methodology: Characterization model applied to conventional and electric vehicles}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, volume = {162}, year = {2017}, pages = {754{\textendash}763}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Cimprich, Alexander and Young, Steven B and Helbig, Christoph and Gemechu, Eskinder D and Thorenz, Andrea and Tuma, Axel and Sonnemann, Guido} } @article {gemechu2017geopolitical, title = {Geopolitical-related supply risk assessment as a complement to environmental impact assessment: the case of electric vehicles}, journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, pages = {31{\textendash}39}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Gemechu, Eskinder D and Sonnemann, Guido and Young, Steven B} } @article {dias2017life, title = {Life cycle perspectives on the sustainability of Ontario greenhouse tomato production: Benchmarking and improvement opportunities}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, volume = {140}, year = {2017}, pages = {831{\textendash}839}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Dias, Goretty M and Ayer, Nathan W and Khosla, Shalin and Van Acker, Rene and Young, Steven B and Whitney, Stephanie and Hendricks, Patrick} } @article {pehlken2017preface, title = {Preface to the special issue: Assessing and managing life cycles of electric vehicles}, journal = {International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, pages = {1{\textendash}3}, publisher = {SPRINGER HEIDELBERG}, author = {Pehlken, Alexandra and Young, Steven B and Chen, Ming} } @article {moussa2016assessing, title = {Assessing energy performance of bio-based succinic acid production using LCA}, journal = {Journal of cleaner production}, volume = {139}, year = {2016}, pages = {761{\textendash}769}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Moussa, Hassan I and Elkamel, Ali and Young, Steven B} } @article {helbig2016extending, title = {Extending the geopolitical supply risk indicator: Application of life cycle sustainability assessment to the petrochemical supply chain of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers}, journal = {Journal of cleaner production}, volume = {137}, year = {2016}, pages = {1170{\textendash}1178}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Helbig, Christoph and Gemechu, Eskinder D and Pillain, Baptiste and Young, Steven B and Thorenz, Andrea and Tuma, Axel and Sonnemann, Guido} } @article {weber2016fashion, title = {Fashion interest as a driver for consumer textile waste management: Reuse, recycle or disposal}, journal = {International Journal of Consumer Studies}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Wiley}, author = {Weber, Sabine and Lynes, Jennifer and Young, Steven B} } @inbook {ziemann2016increased, title = {Increased lifetime and resource efficiency in electric mobility {\textendash} linking material flow analysis with system dynamics}, booktitle = {Rohstoffeffizienz und Rohstoffinnovationen}, volume = {4}, year = {2016}, pages = {17}, publisher = {Fraunhofer Verlag}, organization = {Fraunhofer Verlag}, author = {Ziemann, S and Ketzer, D and Young, SB and Weil, M and Poganietz, WR} } @article {16717, title = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, journal = {Life cycle perspectives on the sustainability of Ontario greenhouse tomato production: Benchmarking and improvement opportunities}, year = {2016}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84979665390\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Dias, G.M. and Ayer, N.W. and Khosla, S. and Van Acker, R. and Young, S.B. and Whitney, S. and Hendricks, P.} } @article {lanen2015economic, title = {Economic and environmental analysis of a green energy hub with energy storage under fixed and variable pricing structures}, journal = {International Journal of Process Systems Engineering}, volume = {3}, number = {1-3}, year = {2015}, pages = {158{\textendash}180}, publisher = {Inderscience Publishers (IEL)}, author = {Lanen, Daniel Van and Cocking, Jennifer and Walker, Sean B and Fowler, Michael and Fraser, Roydon and Young, Steven B and Ahmadi, Leila and Thai, Alan and Yeung, Jake and Yip, Arthur} } @article {walker2015incentives, title = {Incentives for the reuse of electric vehicle batteries for load-shifting in residences}, journal = {International Journal of Process Systems Engineering}, volume = {3}, number = {1-3}, year = {2015}, pages = {70{\textendash}89}, publisher = {Inderscience Publishers (IEL)}, author = {Walker, Sean B and Heymans, Catherine and Fowler, Michael and Young, Steven B and Fraser, Roydon and Lanen, Daniel Van} } @conference {gemechu2015integrated, title = {Integrated geopolitical related criticality assessment as part of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessments {\textendash} First experiences}, booktitle = {Tool for Innovation in Latin America: VI International Conference on Life Cycle Assessment - CILCA2015}, number = {ISBN 978-9972-674-11-2}, year = {2015}, pages = {305{\textendash}309}, publisher = {Pontificia Universidad Cat{\'o}lica del Per{\'u}; Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energ{\'\i}as Renovables (INTE-PUCP)}, organization = {Pontificia Universidad Cat{\'o}lica del Per{\'u}; Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energ{\'\i}as Renovables (INTE-PUCP)}, author = {Gemechu, Eskinder and Pillain, Baptiste and Young, Steven B and Sonnemann, Guido} } @article {16719, title = {International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, journal = {Geopolitical-related supply risk assessment as a complement to environmental impact assessment: the case of electric vehicles}, year = {2015}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84931858235\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Gemechu, E.D. and Sonnemann, G. and Young, S.B.} } @article {16720, title = {International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, journal = {Responsible sourcing of metals: certification approaches for conflict minerals and conflict-free metals}, year = {2015}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84938632922\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Young, S.B.} } @article {16718, title = {International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, journal = {A cascaded life cycle: reuse of electric vehicle lithium-ion battery packs in energy storage systems}, year = {2015}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84940932068\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Ahmadi, L. and Young, S.B. and Fowler, M. and Fraser, R.A. and Achachlouei, M.A.} } @conference {young2015mapping, title = {Mapping tantalum provenance, production and flows}, booktitle = {ISSST 2015}, volume = {23}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Dearborn, Michigan}, organization = {Dearborn, Michigan}, author = {Young, Steven B and Achebe, Jessica and Na, Yilun and Nlandu, Jean-Oscar} } @article {young2015responsible, title = {Responsible sourcing of metals: certification approaches for conflict minerals and conflict-free metals}, journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, year = {2015}, pages = {1{\textendash}19}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Young, Steven B} } @article {curran2014critical, title = {Critical review: a summary of the current state-of-practice}, journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, volume = {19}, number = {10}, year = {2014}, pages = {1667{\textendash}1673}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Curran, Mary Ann and Young, Steven B} } @article {heymans2014economic, title = {Economic analysis of second use electric vehicle batteries for residential energy storage and load-levelling}, journal = {Energy Policy}, volume = {71}, year = {2014}, pages = {22{\textendash}30}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Heymans, Catherine and Walker, Sean B and Young, Steven B and Fowler, Michael} } @article {ahmadi2014energy, title = {Energy efficiency of Li-ion battery packs re-used in stationary power applications}, journal = {Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments}, volume = {8}, year = {2014}, pages = {9{\textendash}17}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Ahmadi, Leila and Fowler, Michael and Young, Steven B and Fraser, Roydon A and Gaffney, Ben and Walker, Sean B} } @article {16722, title = {Energy Policy}, journal = {Economic analysis of second use electric vehicle batteries for residential energy storage and load-levelling}, year = {2014}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84902086259\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Heymans, C. and Walker, S.B. and Young, S.B. and Fowler, M.} } @article {ahmadi2014environmental, title = {Environmental feasibility of re-use of electric vehicle batteries}, journal = {Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, pages = {64{\textendash}74}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Ahmadi, Leila and Yip, Arthur and Fowler, Michael and Young, Steven B and Fraser, Roydon A} } @article {16721, title = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, journal = {Critical review: a summary of the current state-of-practice}, year = {2014}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84906430445\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Curran, M.A. and Young, S.B.} } @conference {dias2014life, title = {Life cycle assessment of extended bale grazing as an overwintering strategy for reducing greenhouse gases from Western Canada beef production}, booktitle = {LCA Food 2014, San Francisco}, year = {2014}, author = {Dias, Goretty M and Kariyapperuma, Kumudinie and Ominski, Kim and Young, Steven B and Veeramani, Anastasia} } @article {16725, title = {Metallurgical Research and Technology}, journal = {Prospects for sustainability certification of metals}, year = {2014}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84906884219\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Young, S.B. and Zhe, Y. and Dias, G.} } @article {young2014prospects, title = {Prospects for sustainability certification of metals}, journal = {Revue de M{\'e}tallurgie{\textendash}International Journal of Metallurgy}, volume = {111}, number = {3}, year = {2014}, pages = {131{\textendash}136}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, author = {Young, Steven B and Zhe, Yuan and Dias, Goretty} } @article {16723, title = {Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments}, journal = {Energy efficiency of Li-ion battery packs re-used in stationary power applications}, year = {2014}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84902575627\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Ahmadi, L. and Fowler, M. and Young, S.B. and Fraser, R.A. and Gaffney, B. and Walker, S.B.} } @article {16724, title = {Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments}, journal = {Environmental feasibility of re-use of electric vehicle batteries}, year = {2014}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84893724832\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Ahmadi, L. and Yip, A. and Fowler, M. and Young, S.B. and Fraser, R.A.} } @book {16727, title = {Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems}, series = {The food system and climate change: An exploration of emerging strategies to reduce GHG emissions in Canada}, year = {2013}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84893499267\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {MacRae, R. and Cuddeford, V. and Young, S.B. and Matsubuchi-Shaw, M.} } @conference {young2013challenges, title = {Challenges in sustainability certification of metals}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technologies}, year = {2013}, author = {Young, Steven B and Dias, G and Zhe, Y} } @book {16726, title = {Climate Change Policy in North America: Designing Integration in a Regional System}, series = {Developing integrated carbon accounting systems}, year = {2013}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84967313890\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Young, S.B. and Abbott, C.L.} } @inbook {young2013developing, title = {Developing Integrated Carbon Accounting Systems}, booktitle = {Designing Integration: Regional Cooperation on Climate Change Law \& Policy in North America}, year = {2013}, pages = {376}, publisher = {University of Toronto Press}, organization = {University of Toronto Press}, author = {Young, Steven B. and Abbott, Clint} } @article {macrae2013food, title = {The food system and climate change: an exploration of emerging strategies to reduce GHG emissions in Canada}, journal = {Agroecology and sustainable food systems}, volume = {37}, number = {8}, year = {2013}, pages = {933{\textendash}963}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, author = {MacRae, Rod and Cuddeford, Vijay and Young, Steven B and Matsubuchi-Shaw, Moira} } @article {young2013microstructural, title = {Microstructural and Surface Effects on Fatigue}, journal = {Surface Engineering}, year = {2013}, pages = {344}, publisher = {Springer}, author = {Young, SB and Bratina, WJ} } @article {young2013minerals, title = {Minerals, Metals and Sustainability: Meeting Future Material Needs, by William J. Rankin. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2011, 440 pp., ISBN 9780415684590, paperback, $99.95.}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, pages = {334{\textendash}335}, author = {Young, Steven B} } @book {16729, title = {AIChE Annual Meeting, Conference Proceedings}, series = {Polybutylene succinate life cycle assessment variations and variables}, year = {2012}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84871756632\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Moussa, H.I. and Young, S.B. and Gerand, Y.} } @conference {young2012conflict, title = {Conflict-free minerals supply-chain to electronics}, booktitle = {Electronics Goes Green 2012+ (EGG)}, year = {2012}, pages = {5}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, author = {Young, Steven and Dias, Goretty} } @book {16728, title = {Electronics Goes Green 2012+, ECG 2012 - Joint International Conference and Exhibition, Proceedings}, series = {Conflict-free minerals supply-chain to electronics}, year = {2012}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84871842198\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Young, S.B. and Dias, G.} } @article {16751, title = {Air and Waste Management Association - Greenhouse Gas Strategies in a Changing Climate Conference 2011}, journal = {Lessons learned from GHG measurement and reporting of technologies with ISO 14064 part 2}, year = {2011}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84864129098\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Young, S.B.} } @book {16730, title = {Air and Waste Management Association - Greenhouse Gas Strategies in a Changing Climate Conference 2011}, series = {Greenhouse gas mitigation from waste materials recycling}, year = {2011}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84864124157\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Young, S.B.} } @book {16731, title = {Air and Waste Management Association - Greenhouse Gas Strategies in a Changing Climate Conference 2011}, series = {Lessons learned from GHG measurement and reporting of technologies with ISO 14064 part 2}, year = {2011}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84864129098\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Young, S.B.} } @conference {zapico2011footprinted, title = {Footprinted. org: experiences from using linked open data for environmental impact information}, booktitle = {EnviroInfo 2011}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Shaker Verlag}, organization = {Shaker Verlag}, author = {Zapico, Jorge Luis and Sayan, Bianca and Bonanni, Leonardo and Turpeinen, Marko and Young, Steve} } @conference {young2011lcm, title = {LCM of Metals Supply to Electronics: Tracking and Tracing {\textquoteright}Conflict Minerals{\textquoteright}}, booktitle = {Life Cycle Management 2015, Gothenburg}, year = {2011}, author = {Young, Steven and Dias, Goretty} } @conference {bonanni2011sourcemap, title = {Sourcemap. org: First Application of Linked and Open LCA Data to Support Sustainability}, booktitle = {International Conference on Industrial Ecology. 7-10 June 2011, Berkely 2011.}, year = {2011}, author = {Bonanni, L and Ebner, Hannes and Hockenberry, M and Sayan, B and Brandt, Nils and Csikszentmih{\`a}lyi, N and Ishii, H and Turpeinen, Marko and Young, S and Zapico Lamela, Jorge Luis} } @book {16732, title = {International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, series = {Metals recycling maps and allocation procedures in life cycle assessment}, year = {2010}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956454851\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Dubreuil, A. and Young, S.B. and Atherton, J. and Gloria, T.P.} } @article {16752, title = {International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, journal = {Metals recycling maps and allocation procedures in life cycle assessment}, year = {2010}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956454851\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Dubreuil, A. and Young, S.B. and Atherton, J. and Gloria, T.P.} } @article {dubreuil2010metals, title = {Metals recycling maps and allocation procedures in life cycle assessment}, journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, volume = {15}, number = {6}, year = {2010}, pages = {621{\textendash}634}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, author = {Dubreuil, Alain and Young, Steven B and Atherton, John and Gloria, Thomas P} } @conference {bonanni2010open, title = {The Open Sustainability Project: A Linked Data Approach to LCA}, booktitle = {LCAX. Portland, Oregon. 2-4 November 2010}, year = {2010}, author = {Bonanni, Leonardo and Ebner, Hannes and Hockenberry, Matthew and Sayan, Bianca and Zapico Lamela, Jorge Luis and Brandt, Nils and Csikszentmihalyi, Chris and Ishii, Hiroshi and Turpeinen, Marko and Young, Steven} } @article {young2010principles, title = {Principles for responsible metals supply to electronics}, journal = {Social Responsibility Journal}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, pages = {126{\textendash}142}, publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited}, author = {Young, Steven B and Fonseca, Alberto and Dias, Goretty} } @booklet {ghgm2008social, title = {Social and Environmental Responsibility in Metals Supply to the Electronic Industry}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC}, url = {https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27891.17443}, author = {GHGm and Young, Steven B and Dias, Goretty and Fonseca, Alberto and O{\textquoteright}Keefe, Meghan Spilka} } @article {houska2006comparing, title = {Comparing the Sustainability of Architectural Metals}, journal = {CONSTRUCTION SPECIFIER}, volume = {59}, number = {7}, year = {2006}, pages = {80}, publisher = {CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS INSTITUTE INC}, author = {Houska, C and Young, SB} } @conference {dias2006development, title = {Development of a life cycle analysis model for Canadian agriculture.}, booktitle = {CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE}, volume = {86}, number = {5}, year = {2006}, pages = {1422{\textendash}1423}, publisher = {AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA}, organization = {AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA}, author = {Dias, Goretty M and Bushi, Lindita and Young, Steven B and Monreal, Carlos M} } @conference {dias2006life, title = {Life cycle analysis of an environmental technology for on-farm pyrolysis of poultry manure for energy production.}, booktitle = {CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, volume = {86}, number = {4}, year = {2006}, pages = {588{\textendash}588}, publisher = {AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA}, organization = {AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA}, author = {Dias, Goretty M and Bushi, Lindita and Young, Steven B and Monreal, Carlos M and Fransham, Peter} } @conference {dias2006life, title = {Life cycle analysis of an environmental technology to better manage efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers in durum wheat.}, booktitle = {CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE}, volume = {86}, number = {5}, year = {2006}, pages = {1422{\textendash}1422}, publisher = {AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA}, organization = {AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA}, author = {Dias, Goretty M and Bushi, Lindita and Young, Steven B and Monreal, Carlos M and Lafond, Guy and McKell, Judy and Holzapfel, Chris} } @article {dias2006life, title = {Life cycle analysis of environmental technologies to improve wild blueberry production.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Plant Science}, year = {2006}, author = {Dias, G and Bushi, L and Young, S and Monreal, C and Percival, D and Thiessen, G} } @article {cook2004life, title = {Life Cycle Assessment: Paint and Hot Dip Galvanizing Compared}, journal = {Hot Dip Galvanizing}, number = {4}, year = {2004}, pages = {14{\textendash}15}, author = {Cook, Murray and Vares, Sirje and Young, Steven} } @book {16733, title = {International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, series = {Life Cycle Assessment in Canada}, year = {2003}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0344441251\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Young, S.B.} } @article {16753, title = {International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, journal = {Life Cycle Assessment in Canada}, year = {2003}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0344441251\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Young, S.B.} } @article {young2003life, title = {Life cycle assessment in Canada}, journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, volume = {8}, number = {6}, year = {2003}, pages = {321{\textendash}322}, publisher = {Springer}, author = {Young, Steven B} } @inbook {young2002lca, title = {What LCA Can Tell Us about the Cement Industry}, booktitle = {Toward a Sustainable Cement Industry}, volume = {6}, year = {2002}, publisher = {World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)}, organization = {World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)}, author = {Young, Steven B and Turnbull, Shannon and Russell, Andrea and Lee, Kun Mo and Perez, Jose Antonio Costa} } @booklet {young2001eco, title = {Eco-efficiency and materials}, year = {2001}, publisher = {International Council for Mining and the Environment (ICME)}, author = {Young, Steven B and Fava, J and Brady, K and Saur, K and (Five Winds International Inc)} } @article {16754, title = {SAE Technical Papers}, journal = {Supply chain management: Responding to {\textquoteright}offsite{\textquoteright} environmental management}, year = {2001}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84877567506\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Young, S.B. and Brady, K. and Russell, A.J.} } @book {16734, title = {SAE Technical Papers}, series = {Supply chain management: Responding to {\textquoteright}offsite{\textquoteright} environmental management}, year = {2001}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84877567506\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Young, S.B. and Brady, K. and Russell, A.J.} } @conference {young2001supply, title = {Supply chain management: From strategy to implementation}, booktitle = {Electronics and the Environment, 2001. Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Symposium on}, year = {2001}, pages = {258{\textendash}263}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, author = {Young, Steven B and Noble, Duncan and Russell, Andrea J} } @conference {young2001supply, title = {Supply Chain Management: Responding to Offsite Environmental Management}, booktitle = {SAE, Environmental Issues in Vehicle Design and Manufacturing - SP-1579}, number = {2001-01-0306}, year = {2001}, publisher = {SAE Technical Paper}, organization = {SAE Technical Paper}, author = {Young, Steven B and Brady, Kevin and Russell, Andrea J} } @book {16735, title = {2000 Annual Conference Abstracts - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering}, series = {Life cycle tools and databases for building technology}, year = {2000}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-21844470007\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Spatari, S. and Young, S.} } @article {16746, title = {2000 Annual Conference Abstracts - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering}, journal = {Life cycle tools and databases for building technology}, year = {2000}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-21844470007\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Spatari, S. and Young, S.} } @article {young2000ecomaterials, title = {Ecomaterials: a review and introduction}, journal = {Environment Conscious Materials}, year = {2000}, pages = {15{\textendash}26}, author = {Young, SB and Brady, K} } @article {middleton2000eco, title = {Eco-profiling Inco Limited production: a case study}, journal = {Environment Conscious Materials}, year = {2000}, pages = {119{\textendash}133}, author = {Middleton, WJ and Hilton, RJ and Young, SB} } @article {16736, title = {Environmental Progress}, journal = {Sustainable strategies using life cycle approaches}, year = {2000}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034206595\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Fava, J.A. and Brady, K. and Young, S.B. and Saur, K.} } @article {nielsen2000lean, title = {Lean \& Green}, journal = {Engineering Dimensions}, year = {2000}, pages = {44{\textendash}46}, publisher = {Professional Engineers Ontario}, author = {Nielsen, Ralf and Noble, Duncan and Young, Steven B} } @conference {spatari2000life, title = {Life cycle tools and databases for building technology}, booktitle = {2000 Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering}, year = {2000}, publisher = {Canadian Society for Civil Engineering}, organization = {Canadian Society for Civil Engineering}, author = {Spatari, S. and Young, S.} } @article {fava2000sustainable, title = {Sustainable strategies using life cycle approaches}, journal = {Environmental Progress \& Sustainable Energy}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, year = {2000}, pages = {61{\textendash}64}, publisher = {American Institute of Chemical Engineers}, author = {Fava, James A and Brady, Kevin and Young, Steven B and Saur, Konrad} } @booklet {young1999life, title = {Life cycle management approaches in Canadian industry}, year = {1999}, publisher = {Environment Canada, National Office of Pollution Prevention}, author = {Young, Steven B} } @article {fava1999making, title = {Making sustainability accessible}, journal = {Strategic Environmental Management}, volume = {1}, year = {1999}, author = {Fava, JA and Young, SB and Veroutis, A} } @booklet {lorinda1999mapping, title = {Mapping the Journey: Case Studies in Strategy and Action Toward Sustainable Development}, year = {1999}, publisher = {Greenleaf Publishing}, author = {Rowledge, Lorinda Rae and Barton, Russell Scott and Young, Steven B} } @article {16737, title = {IEEE International Symposium on Electronics \& the Environment}, journal = {Life cycle assessment of a business telephone}, year = {1998}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031707692\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Brickman, Larry and Coulon, Remi and Nehring, Ron and Matthews, Ross and McMullen, Craig and Noble, Duncan and Young, Steven B. and Brady, Kevin and Leah, Tim and Whittle, Larry} } @conference {brickman1998life, title = {Life cycle assessment of a business telephone}, booktitle = {Electronics and the Environment, 1998. ISEE-1998. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on}, year = {1998}, pages = {255{\textendash}259}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, author = {Brickman, Larry and Coulon, Remi and Nehring, Ron and Matthews, Ross and McMullen, Craig and Noble, Duncan and Young, Steven B and Brady, Kevin and Leah, Tim and Whittle, Larry} } @mastersthesis {young1996assessment, title = {Assessment of Environmental Life Cycle Approach for Industrial Materials and Products}, year = {1996}, school = {University of Toronto}, type = {phd}, author = {Young, Steven B} } @article {16738, title = {International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, journal = {Report from the EPA conference on streamlining LCA}, year = {1996}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0039210881\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Curran, M.A. and Young, S.} } @article {young1996materials, title = {Materials in LCA}, journal = {Environmental life-cycle assessment. McGraw-Hill}, year = {1996}, author = {Young, SB} } @article {curran1996report, title = {Report from the EPA conference on streamlining LCA}, journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, year = {1996}, pages = {57{\textendash}60}, publisher = {Ecomed}, author = {Curran, Mary Ann and Young, Steven} } @article {16739, title = {Advanced Materials and Processes}, journal = {Life Cycle Analysis/Assessment}, year = {1995}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029253092\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Sullivan, John L. and Young, Steven B.} } @article {sullivan1995life, title = {Life cycle analysis/assessment}, journal = {Advanced materials \& processes}, volume = {147}, number = {2}, year = {1995}, pages = {37{\textendash}40}, author = {Sullivan, John L and Young, Steven B} } @article {young1994applying, title = {Applying environmental life-cycle analysis to materials}, journal = {JOM}, volume = {46}, number = {4}, year = {1994}, pages = {22{\textendash}27}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, author = {Young, Steven B and Vanderburg, Willem H} } @article {16740, title = {JOM}, journal = {Applying environmental life-cycle analysis to materials}, year = {1994}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028405790\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Young, S.B. and Vanderburg, W.H.} } @article {young1994life, title = {Life cycle assessment(LCA) and industrial materials}, journal = {CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING, METALLURGY AND PETROLEUM, MONTREAL,(CAN).}, year = {1994}, pages = {217{\textendash}227}, author = {Young, SB and Vanderburg, WH} } @article {16741, title = {Proc Int Symp Res Conserv Environ Technol Metall Ind}, journal = {Life cycle assessment (LCA) and industrial materials}, year = {1994}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028714389\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Young, S.B. and Vanderburg, W.H.} } @article {16742, title = {IEEE Technology and Society Magazine}, journal = {A Materials Life Cycle Framework for Preventive Engineering}, year = {1992}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026911622\&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, author = {Young, S.B. and Vanderburg, W.H.} } @article {young1992materials, title = {A materials life cycle framework for preventive engineering}, journal = {IEEE Technology and Society Magazine}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, year = {1992}, pages = {26}, publisher = {IEEE}, author = {Young, Steven B and Vanderburg, Willem H} } @article {bratina1991fatigue, title = {Fatigue deformation and fractographic analysis of surgical implants and implant materials}, journal = {Failure Analysis: Techniques and Applications}, year = {1991}, pages = {299{\textendash}310}, author = {Bratina, WJ and Young, SB and Morgan, MJ and Pilliar, RM and Yue, S and Wallace, AC} } @conference {young1991materials, title = {The materials life cycle approach}, booktitle = {Technology and Society, 1991. ISTAS{\textquoteright}91: Preparing for a Sustainable Society. Post Conference Edition., Proceedings of the 1991 International Symposium on}, year = {1991}, pages = {318{\textendash}325}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, author = {Young, SB} } @mastersthesis {young1990fatigue, title = {Fatigue of Porous Coated Titanium Implant Alloy}, year = {1990}, school = {University of Toronto}, type = {phd}, author = {Young, Steven B} } @inbook {young1990microstructural, title = {Microstructural and surface effects on fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V alloy}, booktitle = {Surface Engineering}, year = {1990}, pages = {344{\textendash}353}, publisher = {Springer, Dordrecht}, organization = {Springer, Dordrecht}, author = {Young, SB and Bratina, WJ} }