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First, you need to figure out what is expected of you. To learn more, read . Talk to your instructor if you have any questions about the format, tasks, style or technical details.

If a topic was not assigned, think of one that interests you and is a good fit for your assignment. Discuss your ideas with your instructor.

To look for topic ideas, browse subjects covered in encyclopedias, , or start with subject-oriented websites:

• All topics: search blogs such as or view blog posts by category in
• Current events and politics: search in
  • 听you may target hashtags by theme, for example #canpoli
• Arts and culture, education, immigration, etc.:
• Oil sands, environment, natural resources, technologies, etc.:

Tip: Note keywords or concepts of interest that may be helpful for Step 3.

Start by listing keywords that best describe your topic. These may be single terms (example: media) or phrases (example: 鈥渟ocial media鈥�).

• Enclose phrases in quotation marks
• Connect multiple keywords with AND, OR, NOT (Boolean operators). To better understand the importance of Boolean operators, check the
• Use truncation symbols, the most common is *(asterisk), to retrieve all variations of a search term (example: statistic* - search will retrieve statistics and statistical)

To learn how to choose effective keywords to ensure good search results, view our听online learning resources:听.

The type of information sources you use听depends on your assignment. If you are not sure, ask your instructor for help.

• Get a quick overview of your topic (concepts, key people, related vocabulary, bibliography, and more) in encyclopedias. Search in , or find more encyclopedias in 听补苍诲 dictionaries, encyclopedias and听more
• Get a more in-depth coverage of your topic in books. Search in the . For help with book searching, check Find books
• Get a current information on your topic in journal articles. Search in the , or in . Also find appropriate databases in . For help with article searching, check Find journal articles

Note: Some instructors ask that you use scholarly, or peer-reviewed, articles. To learn about peer-reviewed articles, check the video . To learn how to identify peer-reviewed journals, go to the听Peer-reviewed-journals page.

• For specialized sources, such as news, government information, statistics, standards, patents, geospatial data, etc., check Find resources, and Encyclopedias

Scholarly books and journals听are checked and edited for accuracy and reliability before听they are听published. University libraries collect scholarly publications relevant to the teaching and research needs, so using library materials is reasonably safe.

On the Internet, no quality checks are required. It is important not to trust everything you read听there and to be careful about which information you use. See .

To learn how to evaluate all information sources and determine which ones are reliable and appropriate for your assignment, check the research guide.

All sources, whether they are direct quotes, paraphrased text or general ideas, images, tables, charts, etc., must be acknowledged and correctly cited.

For detailed information, check Citing sources.

Plagiarism: Any assignment you submit must be your own work. Representing someone else's work as your own is .

• To learn how to avoid plagiarism, check research guide
• To understand the consequences of academic misconduct and the basic values of academic integrity, check Academic integrity tutorial

Looking to develop your writing skills? Talk with a Writing and Communication Centre instructor during the library drop-ins, or book an appointment through the Writing Centre's online scheduling system, . To improve your writing "en fran莽ais", visit Centre d'Aide 脿 la R茅daction | French Writing Centre.

• Use to help you better understand and complete specific types of academic writing
• Check Annotated Bibliographies for information about purpose, parts, writing, and sample entries